全国2009年4月自考英语词汇学试题
课程代码：00832
Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%） 1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（ ） A．meaning
C．combination of sounds
B．sound D．group
2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（ ） A．more slowly than C．more rapidly than
B．as quickly as D．not so quickly as
3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（ ） A．use frequency C．origin
B．notion D．sound
4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（ ） A．green revolution C．moon walk
B．fast food D．space shuttle
5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.
（ ）
A．form C．look
B．meaning D．pronunciation
6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（ ） A．four C．for
B．fell D．autumn
7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______.
（ ）
A．/t/ C．/p/
B．/g/ D．/k/
8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.（ ） A．one C．three
全国2009年4月自考英语词汇学试题
B．two D．four
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9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.（ ） A．works C．postwar
B．prewar D．bloody
10．30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.
（ ）
A．compounding C．conversion
B．affixation D．shortening
11．The word “motel” is created by ______.（ ） A．compounding C．blending
B．clipping D．suffixation
12．“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.（ ） A．acronymy C．back-formation
B．clipping D．prefixation
13．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.（ ） A．grammatical meaning C．associative meaning
B．conceptual meaning D．literal meaning
14．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.（ ） A．onomatopoeic C．semantic
B．morphological D．etymological
15．______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.
（ ）
A．Reference C．Sense
B．Concept D．Motivation
16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.
（ ）
A．word formation C．meaning change
B．word meaning D．sense relations
17．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（ ） A．semantic C．monosemic
B．onomatopoeic D．polysemic
18．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic,
EXCEPT ______.（ ） A．ire/anger
全国2009年4月自考英语词汇学试题
B．rich/wealthy
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C．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happiness
19．Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in
different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.（ ） A．senses C．dialects
B．forms D．terms
20．The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but
now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”（ ） A．extension C．narrowing
B．elevation D．degradation
21．In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.”, the word “respectable” is used in the ______ sense of transfer.（ ） A．subjective C．sensational
B．objective D．physical
22．Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?（ ） A．Elimination of ambiguity. B．Indication of referents.
C．Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.
D．Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.
23．The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.（ ） A．grammatical context C．antonymy
B．polysemy D．hyponymy
24．In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually
brings rain.”, the meaning of “sou’wester” can be inferred from the clue of ______.（ ） A．relevant details C．antonymy
B．synonymy D．hyponymy
25．The idiom “toss and turn” is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.
（ ）
A．alliteration C．metonymy
B．metaphor D．rhyme
26．Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?（ ） A．Sentence idioms. C．Clausal idioms.
全国2009年4月自考英语词汇学试题
B．Idioms adverbial in nature. D．Idioms nominal in nature.
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27．The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.（ ）
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A．replacement C．shortening
B．addition D．repetition
28．Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.（ ） A．spelling C．pronunciation
B．syntactical usage D．definition
29．As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated
one（ ）
A．A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)
B．Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation C．A New English-Chinese Dictionary
D．Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation 30．Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.（ ） A．unabridged C．specialized
B．desk D．encyclopedic
Ⅱ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)
A
（ ）31．She burst into passionate sobbing. （ ）32．He drops off to sleep, the lamb. （ ）33．and （ ）34．the man’s coat （ ）35．here and there （ ）36．moon
（ ）37．rough and ready （ ）38．ex-prisoner （ ）39．fair and square
（ ）40．Helen looks a fright in that old black dress.
B A．juxtaposition B．notional word C．transfer of sensations D．abstract to concrete E．derivational affix F．alliteration G．functional word H．inflectional affix I．associated transfer J．rhyme
Ⅲ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.
（10%）
41．When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.
42．Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing. 43．We might say that free morphemes are free ________.
全国2009年4月自考英语词汇学试题
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44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________.
45．Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word． 46．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.
47．Vocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.
48．Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy. 49．Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences. 50．Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language. Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%） 51．Morpheme
52．Homonym
53．Connotation
54．Elevation
55．Idiom
Ⅴ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）
全国2009年4月自考英语词汇学试题
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56．As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?
57．What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point.
58．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.
Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.
59．How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?
Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%） 60．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. —“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?” —“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.
61．Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below. （1）gold, bulb; （2）deer, beast, animals; （3）fortuitous, fruition.
全国2009年4月自考英语词汇学试题
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Answer
Ⅰ 1 A 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 D 7 B 8 C 9 A 10 B 11 C 12 A 13 D 14 D 15 B 16 D 17 C 18 B 19 A 20 A 21 B 22 D 23 B 24 C 25 A 26 C 27 D 28 B 29 A 30 C
Ⅱ 31 C 32 I 33 G 34 H 35 A 36 B 37 F 38 E 39 J 40 D
Ⅲ 41 meaningful 42 creation 43 roots 44 affixation 45 motivation 46 identical 47 unstable 48 polysemy 49 phrases 50 one
Ⅳ 51 the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words
52 words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling 53 the association suggested by the conceptual meaning
54 a process by which a word moves from a derogatory or neutral sense to a neutral and/or appreciative sense 55 expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meaning of individual elements
Ⅴ 56 They are the rapid development of modern science and technology, social, economic and politicinfluence of other cultures and languages.
57 Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. For example.” A green hand” is “ an inexperienced person”, not a hand that is green in color. 58 false
Contrary terms are gradable antonyms, differing in degree of intensity, so each has its own corresponding opposite. For example, not and worm are synonyms. Their difference lies in intensity. Correspondingly, they each have a different antonym. The opposite of hot is cold and that of worm is cool. We cannot regard cool as the antonys of hot or cold as the antonym of warm. ( more example : poor/rich, destitute/opulent)
59 English has a large number of words such as now/then, here/there, I/you, this/that, which are often used to refer directly to people, time, place, etc. without clear context, the reference can be very confusing. For example, the word now always means the time of speaking, naturally referring to a past time when the speech took place in the past or a present moment if the person is speaking. It is the same with all referring expressions. Even a phrase like the Prime Minister may bring about ambiguity without adequate verbal context, for it can be used to refer to any of the Prime Minister in British history. Ⅵ
60 As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly homophones, they are often employed to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.
Long time no see you is usually said as a form of greeting between two friends when they meet after a long time. Here the customer cleverly employed the structure of the idiom to his advantage to criticize in a humorous way the bad quality of the food served at the restaurant. Long time no sea implies that” sea food kept for a long time is
全国2009年4月自考英语词汇学试题
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not fit for eating”.
61 ⑴ internal factors: such change occurs when a phrase is shortened to one word retains the meaning of whole, e.g. gold is used for” gold medal”, and bulb for” light bulb”.
⑵ the influx of borrowing : such change occurs when the borrowing are introduced into English vocabulary. For instance, deer formerly meant animal, and later animal from latin and beast from French found their way into English. As the three terms were synonymous, animal retained the original meaning, the meaning of deer was narrowed and beast changed in colour.
⑶ analogy: such change occurs when analogy is used. For instance, fortuitous formerly denoted” happening by chance”, “ accident” and later took on the meaning” fortunate” probably by analogy because the two words look similar. It is the same with fruition, the original meaning being” a pleasure obtained from using or possessing something”, which had nothing to do with fruit. Its meaning of “ the bearing of fruit” was due to the later association with the word fruit.
全国2009年4月自考英语词汇学试题
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