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小学数学计算题专题一 加法综合练习

2022-05-31 来源:品趣旅游知识分享网
专题一 加法

加法综合练习

【知识讲解】 一、加法类型:

运算注意事项:

整数

数位对齐,从右往左开始加;满十进一,小数部分末尾的“0”可省 小数

同分母分数相加

mnmn AAA11分数 例:

26 1.找最小公倍数

2和6的最小公倍数是6

2.通分

异分母分数相加 运算步骤:

3.相加

4.约分

二、运算技巧:

1.口算:“凑十法” 例如:“凑十法”

2.笔算:“凑整法”

(1)利用加法交换律 “凑整” (移位分组凑成整十、整百、整千......) 例如:

(2)利用加法结合律“凑整” 例如:

(3)拆分加数“凑整” 例如:

(4) 加补“凑整” 例如:

【巩固练习】 一、“凑十法” 练习。

二、“凑整法”练习。 整数:

(1)2+4+6+8 (2)42+64+36+58

(3)117+229+333+471+528+622 (4)(1350+249+468)+(251+332+1650)

(5)11+12+13 (6)101+102+103

(7)100+102+104+106+108 (8)2003+2004+2006+2007

(9)128+138+148+158+168 (10)137+356+565+863+644+435

(11) 799+79+9 (12)1002+1004+2006+2008+3010

(13) 196+295+394+498 (14)98+196+297+10 分数:

(1)234577

(3)1313757

(5)11176127576

(7)171821131183

(2)158495 (4)111112445112

(6)32453435 (8)56121162 8416174(9)1 (10)

959551515

41513115(11) (12)

9109 小数:

(1)0.9+0.99+0.999

(3)91.5+88.8+90.2+270.4+89.6 (4)3.17+2.28+0.53+1.62+53

(5)6.28+5.74+3.72+5,26

(7)27.3+73.2+72.7

1281282)1.96+19.7+199.8 6)4.36+14.8+5.64+5.2 8)5.85+1.75+0.25 ((((9)5.85+1.89+2.15 (10)3.73+5.28+4.27+4.72

(11)1.2+2.5+1.8 (12)0.25+0.15+0.75+0.85

(13)24.8+14.6+15.4

三、竖式计算。

(1)180+140=

(4)810+209=

(7)406+254=

(10)685+568=

(14)3.46+1.28+0.54+2.72 2)160+260= (3) 410+490= 5)801+296= (6)230+177= 8)157+986= (9)978+52= 11)8.7+2.64= (12)9.03+78.6= ((((

(13)24.5+8.58= (14)30.6+1.97= (15)55.8+1.066=

四、脱式计算。

(1)7321045

(3)7103548

5)3.61.283.09

7)24.814.615.4

9)3.811576

(2)13151235 (4)173107 (6)4.321.262.34

(8)42.522.77.83

(10)5.2641710

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一、【答案】

参考答案与解析

二、“凑整法”

(1)2+4+6+8 (2)42+64+36+58 =(2+8)+(4+6) ==20 =80+100

(42+58)+(64+36)

=180

(3)117+229+333+471+528+622 (4)(1350+249+468)+(251+332+1650) =(117+333)+(229+471)+(528+622)=(1350+1650)+(249+251)+(468+332) =450+700+1150 =3000+500+800 =2300 =4300

(5)11+12+13 (6)101+102+103 =10+1+10+2+10+3 =100+1+100+2+100+3 =30+6 =300+6 =36 =306

(7)100+102+104+106+108 (8)2003+2004+2006+2007 =100+100+2+100+4+100+6+100+8 =2000+3+2000+4+2000+6+2000+7 =500+(2+8)+(4+6) =8000+(3+7)+(4+6) =520 =8020

(9)128+138+148+158+168 (10)137+356+565+863+644+435

=130-2+140-2+150-2+160-2+170-2 =(137+863)+(356+644)+(565+435) =(130+170+140+160+150)-10 =1000+1000+1000 =750-10 =3000 =740

(11) 799+79+9 (12)1002+1004+2006+2008+3010 =800-1+80-1+10-1 =1000+2+1000+4+2000+6+2000+8+3000+10 =890-3 =7000+(2+8+4+6+10) =887 =7030

(13) 196+295+394+498 (14)98+196+297+10 =200-4+300-5+400-6+500-2 =100-2+200-4+300-3+10 =(200+300+400+500)-(4+6+5+2) =600+(10-2-4-3) =1400-17 =600+1 =1383 =601 分数:

234184(1)(2)577595234148=()=()577 559 =251=75(3)1313757=(17137)35=23 5=135(5)17611127576=(175117676)12=111 12=2312(7)172183111813=(17181118)(+2133)=2+1=3=189=179(4)111112445112=(11+4)(+11121412)5=15+145=1645(6)34233545=(3434)(+2355) =32+1=52(8)56111262=(5616)(+1122) =1+1=2

174(10)515158416174(9)1=()9595515158146111 = =(1)(+)9955515=2+2311=+1515=414=15415(11)131159109(12)451128128=()111359910

=()(+)1121288=1=1+11011=2=10小数:

(1)0.9+0.99+0.999 (2)1.96+19.7+199.8 =1-0.1+1-0.01+1-0.001 =2-0.04+20-0.3+200-0.2 =3-0.111 =(2+20+200)-(0.04+0.3+0.2) =2.889 =221.46

(3)91.5+88.8+90.2+270.4+89.6 (4)3.17+2.28+0.53+1.62+53 =90+1.5+90-0.2+90+0.2+270+0.4+90-0.4 =(3.17+0.53)+(2.28+1.62)+53 =630+1.5 =3.7+4+53 =631.5 =60.7

(5)6.28+5.74+3.72+5.26 (6)4.36+14.8+5.64+5.2 =(6.28+3.72)+(5.74+5.26) =(4.36+5.64)+( 14.8+5.2) =10+11 =10+20 =21 =30

(7)27.3+73.2+72.7 (8)5.85+1.75+0.25 =(27.3+72.7) +73.2 =5.85+(1.75+0.25) =100+73.2 =5.85+2

=173.2 =7.85

(9)5.85+1.89+2.15 (10)3.73+5.28+4.27+4.72 =5.85+2.15+1.89 =(3.73+4.27)+(5.28+4.72) =8+1.89 =8+10 =9.89 =18

(11)1.2+2.5+1.8 (12)0.25+0.15+0.75+0.85 =1.2+1.8+2.5 ==3+2.5 =1+1 =5.5 =2

(13)24.8+14.6+15.4 =24.8+(14.6+15.4) ==24.8+30 =4+4 =54.8 =8

三、竖式计算。

(1) (2) (4) (5) (7) (8) (10) (11) (0.25+0.75)+(0.15+0.85) 14)3.46+1.28+0.54+2.72 (3.46+0.54)+(1.28+2.72) (3)

(6)

(9)

(12)

(13) (14) (15)

四、脱式计算。

(1)732104514201520820 3720(3)7103458283025404040 83405)3.61.283.094.883.09 7.977)24.814.615.424.830 54.89)3.8115763.81.276 57681

(2)131513251356151515

241585(4)173107704930707070 14970(6)4.321.262.344.323.6 7.92(8)42.522.77.8365.27.83 73.03(10)5.26417105.2641.7

9.261.710.96

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